Before reaction of respiration splits into aerobic or aenorobic pathways. Nutrients would be transferred to blood vessels at the base of the epithelial cells. Intracellualar digestion is unusual in animals. Like aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration occurs in cells, but glucose does not completely break down. Branchiostoma belcheri and B. lanceolatum are among the largest. In anurans, cutaneous respiration occurs primarily as a means of carbon dioxide exchange, with the majority of oxygen exchange occurring in the lungs. Some plant cells and microorganisms also use anaerobic respiration. Respiration is a metabolic process common to all living things. Fructose from this reaction is converted to glucose by other enzymes that are also in the apoplast. Bicarbonates ions are pumped through RBC membrane into plasma. Aerobic respiration needs oxygen but anaerobic respiration does not. Waste travels through the intestine, where further absorption occurs, and out the anus, which is posterior to the atriopore but not near the tip of the tail. External respiration refers to gas exchange across the respiratory membrane in the lungs. ... occurs in muscle cells during rigorous activity when the cells do not have enough oxygen so fermentation occurs and latic acid is produced ... it needs to get energy from respiration. Blood flowing through the muscles removes the lactic acid. Respiration in arthropods occurs through(a) gills (b) booklungs (c) trachea (d) all of the above In aquatic animals such as fish respiration takes place through special respiratory organs called gills. However, we must know that respiration in plants occurs throughout the day while photosynthesis process takes place only in the presence of light. The waste product is lactic acid, not carbon dioxide and water. CO 2 is carried from tissue to the lungs through plasma. 21,31 Most caudates, by comparison, take up most of their oxygen through cutaneous respiration, even in species that possess lungs. The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants.The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary history. Regardless of the organism, the first step in respiration is glycolysis Glycolysis= sugar spliting Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell Thought to have been the first biological pathway to evolve Every living thing relys on glycolysis Cephalochordates and vertebrates have a hollow, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a notochord. Bicarbonates combines either sodium or potassium of plasma to form sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate respectively. While in all the land animals such as birds, dog, cat, cow and humans respiration takes place through special respiratory organs called lungs.